An enterocutaneous fistula (ECF)

 An enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is an abnormal connection that develops between the intestinal tract or stomach and the skin. As a result, contents of the stomach or intestines leak through to the skin. Most ECFs occur after bowel surgery

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an exaggerated defense response of the body to a noxious stressor (infection, trauma, surgery, acute inflammation, ischemia or reperfusion, or malignancy, to name a few) to localize and then eliminate the endogenous or exogenous source of the insult.Feb 15, 2023

What causes leukocytosis?

• Excessive physical or emotional stress (such as fever, injury or surgery).
• Burns.
• Immune system disorders such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
• Thyroid problems.
• Dental caries (cavities).
• Certain medicines, including lithium, corticosteroids and beta-agonists.
• Allergies.
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