Herpes simplex virus -HSV
varicella zoster virus -vzv
Sunday, August 6, 2023
Impetigo-contact precaution
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430974/
Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. It most commonly presents as erythematous plaques with a yellow crust and may be itchy or painful. The lesions are highly contagious and spread easily. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. This activity reviews the cause, pathophysiology and presentation of impetigo and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management.
Metabolic encephalopathy
Metabolic encephalopathy is a problem in the brain. It is caused by a chemical imbalance in the blood. The imbalance is caused by an illness or organs that are not working as well as they should. It is not caused by a head injury. When the imbalance affects the brain, it can lead to personality changes.
What are signs and symptoms of metabolic encephalopathy?
Symptoms of Metabolic Encephalopathy Learning About Metabolic Encephalopathy | Kaiser Permanente
Symptoms may vary depending on the type of encephalopathy you have.
Delirium – Confused thinking and less attention span. It is a serious health concern and needs immediate attention.
Lethargy – Caused by a lack of nutrition and a high level of toxins in the body
Muscle weakness
Loss of memory or dementia
Difficulty in motor tasks such as walking, eating, writing, etc., is also known as ataxia
Illusions
Hallucinations
Decreased consciousness
Mood disorders
Breathing problems
Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety
Vision problems
Seizures
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacterium found in the environment and has been associated with pneumonia in patient populations with alcohol use disorder or diabetes mellitus. The bacterium typically colonizes human mucosal surfaces of the oropharynx and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
What antibiotics treat Klebsiella PNA?
Treatment. Klebsiellainfections can be dangerous, so doctors start treatment with antibiotics right away.
Examples include cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) and carbapenems (imipenem or cilastatin).
Microbiology and pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Aortic valve stenosis
Aortic valve stenosis — or aortic stenosis — is a type of heart valve disease (valvular heart disease).
The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery (aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully. This reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body.
Treatment of aortic stenosis depends on the severity of the condition. You may need surgery to repair or replace the valve.
Without treatment, severe aortic valve stenosis can lead to death.
Sepsis
Sepsis is the combination of a known or suspected infection and an accompanying systemic inflammatory response.
Severe sepsis is sepsis with acute dysfunction of one or more organ systems; septic shock is a subset of severe sepsis.
Severe sepsis is common, frequently fatal, and expensive.
Mechanisms of Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis
Development of organ dysfunction is the most important clinical event during sepsis, as it directly relates to mortality and morbidity. Although the new definition of sepsis captures this concept, centering the clinical essence of sepsis on the development of a ‘life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection,’1
Three of these disruptive ideas are of particular relevance here. The first is that organs can develop dysfunction during sepsis in theased oxygen delivery,4,5 suggesting that tissue hypoxia may not be an isolated mechanism. This explains why perfusion-targeted therapeutic efforts may surmount only to partial or to no benefit.6 The second is that o absence of decrergan dysfunction can occur in the absence of significant cell death,7–9 suggesting the lack of function is not due to structural damage but, rather, to a shut-down of usual cellular activities. This has fueled speculation that early on, organ dysfunction may be an adaptive strategy to overwhelming inflammatory injury.10 Of course, should this process become sustained it will become maladaptive and carry the known association with poor prognosis. The third concept is the recognition that the action of the immune system against invading pathogens (also known as resistance capacity) is only part of the body’s defense mechanisms against infection. Only recently was the mechanism known as Tolerance in the fields of plant ecology and biology, and defined as the capacity of the host to limit cellular and tissue injury derived from immune or pathogen action, described in mammals.1
Retrieve from (2023 ) : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6922007/#:~:text=Importantly%2C%20organ%20dysfunction%20in%20sepsis,dysregulation%2C%20and%20cellular%20metabolic%20reprogramming.
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