dysarthria
Dysarthria happens when the muscles used for speech are weak or are hard to control. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand.
Common causes of dysarthria include conditions that affect the nervous system or that cause facial paralysis. These conditions may cause tongue or throat muscle weakness. Certain medicines also can cause dysarthria.
(HY-per-al-JEE-zee-uh) An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and an extreme response to pain. Hyperalgesia may occur when there is damage to the nerves or chemical changes to the nerve pathways involved in sensing pain.
Headache gets triggered by certain factors like bright light illumination, loud music, sunlight, lack of sleep, skipping meals, stress, refractive errors of the eyes, and insufficient water intake. The main way to reduce headaches quickly is to avoid the triggering factors. Drinking a cup of coffee which has caffeine as the content helps in good blood circulation to the brain and helps in relieving headaches. Drinking plenty of water and eating food frequently is also effective to treat headaches during periods. The application of ice packs or hot compresses, adequate sleep, avoiding stress, and regular exercises also reduce headaches. Medications containing caffeine, calcium channel blockers, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like acetaminophen, paracetamol, crocin, and nimesulide can be taken.
Metabolic encephalopathy is a problem in the brain. It is caused by a chemical imbalance in the blood. The imbalance is caused by an illness or organs that are not working as well as they should. It is not caused by a head injury. When the imbalance affects the brain, it can lead to personality changes.
What are signs and symptoms of metabolic encephalopathy?
Symptoms of Metabolic Encephalopathy Learning About Metabolic Encephalopathy | Kaiser Permanente
Symptoms may vary depending on the type of encephalopathy you have.
Delirium – Confused thinking and less attention span. It is a serious health concern and needs immediate attention.
Lethargy – Caused by a lack of nutrition and a high level of toxins in the body
Muscle weakness
Loss of memory or dementia
Difficulty in motor tasks such as walking, eating, writing, etc., is also known as ataxia
Illusions
Hallucinations
Decreased consciousness
Mood disorders
Breathing problems
Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety
Vision problems
Seizures
Learning About Metabolic Encephalopathy
What is metabolic encephalopathy?
Metabolic encephalopathy is a problem in the brain. It is caused by a chemical imbalance in the blood.
The imbalance is caused by an illness or organs that are not working as well as they should. It is not caused by a head injury.When the imbalance affects the brain, it can lead to personality changes. (Alter Mental status)It can also make it harder to think clearly and remember things.The problems may only last a short time if you get treatment right away. But this depends on the cause. If the imbalance has been building up because you've been sick for a long time, the mental changes may be more severe. They may also last longer.
What happens when you have this problem?When things are working right, your body has many ways to keep the chemicals in your blood in balance.
For example, your liver and kidneys remove waste from your blood. The kidneys also help keep fluids and sodium in balance. And your pancreas makes insulin. It is a hormone that helps control the amount of sugar in your blood.
But the chemicals in your blood can get out of balance and damage parts of your body because of a medical problem.
This may be kidney or liver failure.
Or it could be diabetes that isn't controlled well. When the imbalance affects the brain, normal thinking and behavior can change.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms may include:
Confusion.
Problems with thinking and remembering.
Being grouchy and depressed.
Feeling drowsy.
Not being able to sleep.
Passing out (fainting) now and then.
How is it treated?
The doctor will try to find the illness that's causing the problem. The doctor may ask questions about your past health.
The doctor will also do tests to find what is causing the chemical imbalance and to see how severe it is.
The doctor may treat the organ system that's causing the problem.
For example, if it's a kidney problem, you may have treatment to help your kidneys work better.
If you have an infection, you may need antibiotics. If the doctor can't treat the cause of the problem, the doctor will treat the symptoms.
The doctor will carefully watch your blood chemicals to make sure that your treatment is being done safely.
Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety.
Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.
Current as of: June 6, 2022
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine
Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that can cause people to be disoriented.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-orientation-and-how-is-it-affected-by-dementia-98571
In certain health assessments, orientation is sometimes referred to as "alert and oriented" (AO or A&O) or "awake, alert, and oriented" (AAO). It is usually followed by the multiplication symbol (x) and a number. For example, it may be written like "AOx3" or "AAOx4."
The level—x1, x2, x3, or x4—is a way of measuring the extent of a person's awareness.
Here's what the types of orientation mean:
Sometimes a person can answer some of this information, but not all. For example, they may know their name and the date but can't say where there are or why. In that case, it would be notated as x2.
In some circumstances, healthcare providers might only ask about person, place, and time. In that situation, x3 is the highest level of orientation tested. When a doctor includes questions about the situation, the highest level would then be x4.
In addition to the value (i.e., x3), a healthcare provider's notes should also include the specific questions asked and answers given. What Is the Memory Impairment Screen (MIS)? (verywellhealth.com)
Causes of Spinal Stenosis
Aging and Age-Related Changes in the Spine. Aging and age-related changes in the spine happen over a period of time and slowly cause loss of the normal structure of the spine. ...
Arthritis. Arthritis is also a common cause of spinal stenosis. ...
Inherited Conditions.
What is the most common cause of lumbar stenosis?
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis | Johns Hopkins Medicine
What causes lumbar spinal stenosis?
The most common cause of spinal stenosis is osteoarthritis, the gradual wear and tear that happens to your joints over time.
Spinal stenosis is common because osteoarthritis begins to cause changes in most people's spines by age 50.
Causes of osteoarthritis : Cause of Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis happens when the cartilage and other tissues within the joint break down or have a change in their structure. This does not happen because of simple wear and tear on the joints. Instead, changes in the tissue can trigger the breakdown, which usually happens gradually over time.Oct 1, 2019
An intradural extramedullary tumor is a spinal cord tumor that causes spinal cord compression — nerves in and around the spinal cord are compressed as the tumor grows in size. The vast majority of these tumors are benign and treated with surgery.Jun 2, 2017
Hypoxia is low levels of oxygen in your body tissues. It causes symptoms like confusion, restlessness, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and bluish skin.
Many chronic heart and lung conditions can put you at risk for hypoxia. Hypoxia can be life-threatening
Hypoxemia can be caused by
Types of brain tumors
Over 70,000 are primary brain tumors and the rest are metastatic brain cancer that has spread from cancer elsewhere in the body.(1)
Fund raising only 9M per year 2M only use for research and only little fund goes into Glioblastoma(2).(a)(spread quickly),(symptom)(treatment plan)(coping )
Oligonucleotides are short DNA or RNA molecules, oligomers, that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics. (3) (4)
Research Outcome for oligo (5)
Brain tumors are not rare, but research is badly underfunded.
Radiation : Gamma Knife and Cyber Knife
The Gamma Knife is an advanced radiation treatment for adults and children with small to medium brain tumors, abnormal blood vessel formations called arteriovenous malformations, epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, a nerve condition that causes chronic pain, and other neurological conditions.
Cyberknife a non-invasive radiosurgery device called the CyberKnife that uses a robotic arm to deliver highly focused beams of radiation.
Palliative Care :
Palliative care is specialized medical care for people living with a serious illness like a brain tumor as well as their families. The focus of palliative care is to provide support and relief from the symptoms and stress that a serious illness can cause.
. Parkinson’s affects approximately 1 in 1000 people in the general population. The peak onset is between 55 and 66 years of age however, a form of the disease has been known to occur in teenagers.
It is reversible when these abnormalities are corrected, with a return to baseline mental status. Acute encephalopathy may be further identified as toxic, metabolic, or toxic-metabolic.
There are several types of encephalopathy such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and hepatic encephalopathy.
Acute encephalopathy is characterized by an acute or subacute global, functional alteration of mental status due to systemic factors.
Encephalopathy can present a very broad spectrum of symptoms that range from mild, such as some memory loss or subtle personality changes, to severe, such as dementia, seizures, coma, or death.
The causes of encephalopathy are both numerous and varied. Examples of causes of encephalopathy include:
These examples do not cover all of the potential causes of encephalopathy but are listed to demonstrate the wide range of causes.
Although numerous causes of encephalopathy are known, the majority of cases arise from several major categories (some examples in parentheses):
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive brain condition that's thought to be caused by repeated blows to the head and repeated episodes of concussion. It's particularly associated with contact sports, such as boxing or American football.
Most of the available studies are based on ex-athletes.