Hypertension -quiz

Corrent answers in green.
Incorrect answers in red.

1) Blood pressure is created and maintained by the three parts of the circulatory system.

• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood volume
• All of the above

2) During the diastolic cardiac cycle blood is pumped from the atria into the lower chamber of the heart, the ventricle.

• TRUE
• FALSE

3) Oxygenated blood is transported from the heart to the organs and tissues by

• arteries
• veins
• capillaries
• a and c

4) Blood pressure is defined as the measurement of the ________ exerted against the walls of the blood vessels.

• resistance
• pressure
• relaxation
• oxygen

5) The steady state of pressure in the circulatory system between heartbeats is called the ___________ pressure.

• systolic
• tension
• diastolic
• repolarization

6) Which statement is false when taking someone’s blood pressure.

• The patient should be sitting.
• The arm should be properly positioned at the level of the heart.
• The proper size cuff should be used.
• The patient should be resting for at least 10 minutes before the blood pressure is checked.

7) Stage 2 hypertension is defined as:

• Systolic blood pressure is greater than 160 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is greater than 100 mmHg.
• Systolic blood pressure is 160 mmHg or greater, and diastolic blood pressure is 100 mmHg or greater.
• Systolic blood pressure is greater than 160 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is 100 mmHg or greater.
• Systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is greater than 90 mmHg.

8) There are numerous complications of hypertension, which one listed below is not a complication of hypertension.

• Heart Disease
• Kidney Disease
• Graves’ Disease
• Stroke

9) A hypertensive emergency is typically defined as:

• A systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg.
• A patient exhibits signs and symptoms of sudden, ongoing organ damage.
• A diastolic pressure greater than 120 mmHg.
• All of the above

10) A supervisor should be immediately notified if

• the systolic pressure is greater than 120 mmHg.
• the diastolic pressure is greater than 90 mmHg.
• the patient would like to use the bathroom before having vital signs taken.
• the blood pressure is greater than 140/90 mmHg and this is a new finding for this patient.

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Human Anatomy- Quizz

 Test Results

Corrent answers in green.
Incorrect answers in red.

1) The marrow of the bones is where

• red blood cells are produced.
• cartilage is produced.
• osteocalcin is produced.
• white blood cells are produced.

2) The outside of almost every bone is covered by a thin membrane called the

• lamella.
• cancellous bone.
• endosteum.
• periosteum.

3) ____________ are bands of tissue that connect one bone to another and maintain the structural integrity of the joints.

• Cartilages
• Tendons
• Ligaments
• Lamellae

4) ____________ muscles are muscles that a person can control.

• Cardiac
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Connective

5) There are _____________ in the arteries that can sense when the blood pressure has increased past a safe point.

• cardiac muscles
• peripheral nerves
• smooth muscles
• connective tissue

6) The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to

• maintain acid-base balance.
• regulate glucose metabolism.
• eliminate carbon dioxide.
• circulate blood.

7) The most important function of the _______________ is to carry the unoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide back to the heart.

• venous system
• cardiovascular system
• arterial system
• leukocytes

8) The pulmonary system begins in the nose and oral cavity, and it continues to the last air-transporting structures known as the

• alveoli.
• trachea.
• bronchioles.
• alveolar ducts.

9) The _______________ is where the majority of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins are absorbed.

• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
• duodenum

10) The __________________ produces calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate the homeostasis of calcium.

• thyroid gland
• pineal gland
• pituitary gland
• pancreas

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Body Temperature -quiz

Corrent answers in green.
Incorrect answers in red.

1) Body heat that is lost because heat moves to an area that is colder is referred to as:

• conduction.
• evaporation.
• convection.
• radiation.

2) Body heat is controlled by an area of the brain called the:

• hypothalamus.
• pituitary gland.
• pineal gland.
• basal ganglia.

3) The normal body temperature measured rectally of a child aged 3 to 10 years is:

• 98.6 - 100.4°F or 37 - 38°C
• 98.6 - 100.6°F or 37 - 38.1°C
• 97.9 - 100.4°F or 36.6 - 38°C
• 97 - 99.4°F or 36.1 - 37.4°C

4) The two most accurate indirect methods of measuring core body temperature are:

• axillary and oral.
• otic and oral.
• rectal and otic/tympanic.
• oral and forehead.

5) If the patient’s body temperature is abnormally high or if there has been a significant change from the patient’s normal baseline temperature, the health care professional should:

• schedule another reading to see if there is a change.
• immediately notify his or her superior.
• use another method to take body temperature to confirm the first reading.
• note the change in the patient’s chart and check on the patient later that day.

6) Cooling blankets and ice packs cool core body temperature through the mechanism known as:

• conduction.
• diffusion.
• convection.
• radiation.

7) Each heartbeat has two phases, and the resting phase is known as:

• diastole.
• diffusion.
• rhythm.
• systole.

8) A pulse rate that is below the lower limit of normal is called:

• an arrhythmia.
• tachycardia.
• an irregular heartbeat.
• bradycardia.

9) Measuring a patient’s pulse using the radial artery, count the pulse for at least 30 seconds _____________.

• using your thumb to feel the patient’s pulse.
• and record the number of pulses.
• then multiply times two.
• then divide by two.

10) The normal respiratory rate for an adult is ___________ a minute.

• 20 to 27
• 30 to 40
• 12 to 20
• 17 to 25

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Cooling blankets and ice packs cool core body temperature through the mechanism known as:

 

6) Cooling blankets and ice packs cool core body temperature through the mechanism known as:

1. conduction.
2. diffusion.
3. convection.
4. radiation.

The correct answer is:

conduction.

Explanation:

Cooling blankets and ice packs work by conduction, which involves the direct transfer of heat from the body to a cooler object (e.g., the blanket or ice pack) in physical contact with the skin. Heat moves from the warmer body to the cooler object until thermal equilibrium is reached.

Why not the other options?

1. Diffusion: Refers to the movement of particles (like gases or liquids) from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, not heat transfer.
2. Convection: Involves heat transfer through the movement of air or liquid (e.g., a fan or cool water circulating over the body).
3. Radiation: Involves heat transfer through electromagnetic waves without direct contact (e.g., losing heat to the cooler environment).

body temperature is abnormally high or if there has been a significant change from the patient’s normal baseline temperature

 

If the patient’s body temperature is abnormally high or if there has been a significant change from the patient’s normal baseline temperature, the health care professional should:

• 
  
• schedule another reading to see if there is a change.
• immediately notify his or her superior.
• use another method to take body temperature to confirm the first reading.
• note the change in the patient’s chart and check on the patient later that day.

The correct answer is:

use another method to take body temperature to confirm the first reading.

Explanation:

If a patient's body temperature is abnormally high or there is a significant change from their normal baseline, the healthcare professional should first confirm the accuracy of the reading. This involves taking the temperature again using another method to rule out any errors in measurement or device malfunction. Once the abnormal reading is confirmed, appropriate actions, such as notifying a superior or initiating interventions, can follow.

Why not the other options?

1. Schedule another reading to see if there is a change: Delaying confirmation could risk patient safety if the abnormal temperature indicates an urgent condition.
2. Immediately notify his or her superior: While notifying a superior is important, confirming the abnormal reading comes first to avoid reporting a potential error.
3. Note the change in the patient’s chart and check on the patient later that day: This delays necessary actions and may compromise patient care.

body temperature taking method- the most accurate indirect methods of measuring core body temperature are

 

The two most accurate indirect methods of measuring core body temperature are:

axillary and oral.
otic and oral.
rectal and otic/tympanic.
oral and forehead.

The correct answer is:

rectal and otic/tympanic.

Explanation:

The rectal and otic/tympanic (ear) methods are considered the most accurate indirect methods for measuring core body temperature because:

Rectal temperature closely reflects the body's internal core temperature, making it highly reliable, especially in clinical settings.

Tympanic (otic) temperature measures the heat emitted by the eardrum, which shares a blood supply with the hypothalamus (the body's temperature regulation center), providing an accurate representation of core temperature.

Other options:

Axillary and oral: Less accurate; 

axillary is affected by external conditions, and 

oral may vary due to breathing or consumption of food/drink.

Oral and forehead: Oral is moderately accurate, but forehead (temporal) is less precise in certain situations.

Otic and oral: Tympanic is accurate, but oral is less so compared to rectal or tympanic.

3) The normal body temperature measured rectally of a child aged 3 to 10 years is:

 3) The normal body temperature measured rectally of a child aged 3 to 10 years is:

98.6 - 100.4°F or 37 - 38°C

98.6 - 100.6°F or 37 - 38.1°C

97.9 - 100.4°F or 36.6 - 38°C

97 - 99.4°F or 36.1 - 37.4°C

The correct answer is:

97.9 - 100.4°F or 36.6 - 38°C.

Explanation:

For children aged 3 to 10 years, a rectal temperature of 97.9 to 100.4°F (36.6 to 38°C) is considered normal. Rectal temperatures tend to be slightly higher than oral or axillary (underarm) temperatures, making this range appropriate for rectal measurements

Body heat is controlled by HYPOTHALAMUS

Body heat is controlled by an area of the brain called the:

• hypothalamus.
• pituitary gland.
• pineal gland.
• basal ganglia.

ANSWER - hypothalamus.

• Explanation:
• The hypothalamus is the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature.
•  It acts as the body's thermostat, detecting changes in temperature and initiating responses to maintain homeostasis (e.g., sweating to cool down or shivering to generate heat).

Definitions of other options:

Pituitary gland: Known as the "master gland," it controls various hormones but does not regulate body temperature directly.

Pineal gland: Produces melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles, not temperature.

Basal ganglia: Involved in movement and coordination, not temperature regulation.

Heat radiation

 1) Body heat that is lost because heat moves to an area that is colder is referred to as: 

conduction. evaporation. convection. radiation.

radiation.

Explanation: Body heat lost because heat moves to an area that is colder without direct contact is referred to as radiation. This process occurs when heat is transferred in the form of infrared rays from a warmer object (the body) to a cooler environment.

Definitions of other options:

1. Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact with another object (e.g., sitting on a cold surface).
2. Evaporation: Heat loss when sweat evaporates from the skin.
3. Convection: Heat loss through the movement of air or liquid over the skin.