Understanding the 11 Body Organ Systems

 An organ system is a group of organs that work together in the body to perform a complex function, such as pumping blood or processing and utilizing nutrients. There are 11 major organ systems in the human body:

1. The circulatory (cardiovascular) system
2. The lymphatic system
3. The respiratory system
4. The integumentary system
5. The endocrine system
6. The gastrointestinal (digestive) system
7. The urinary (excretory) system
8. The musculoskeletal system
9. The nervous system
10. The reproductive system
11. The immune system

Arthritis

 CDC Arthritis  https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/index.html

9 system

1. Nervous system
2. Endocrine system
3.  Skeletal system
4. muscular system
5. circulatory system
6. digestive system
7. integumentary system
8. respiratory system
9. reproductive system

What is considered prime time?

 What is considered prime time?

The term prime time is often defined in terms of a fixed time period—for example (in the United States), from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) or 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Central and Mountain Time).

Drug screen panel test

https://www.testing.com/tests/10-panel-drug-testing/ 

A 10-panel drug test can detect recent use of 10 common drugs of abuse. The most common use is for workplace drug testing. Typically an employer may require drug testing for these reasons:

Pre-employment: This testing screens applicants for illegal drug use and is often conducted after a conditional offer of employment has been made.

Reasonable suspicion: Employers may conduct testing when drug use is suspected based on observable signs and symptoms in the workplace.

Post-accident: Drug testing may be performed after a workplace accident to determine if drug use may have been a contributing cause. Although you can test for recent drug use, a positive test alone cannot prove that drug use caused a specific accident.

Random: This type of drug testing is typically conducted without prior notice to act as a deterrent for employee drug use.

Periodic: Employers may elect to perform drug testing on a set schedule. Periodic testing may be administered as part of an annual physical exam.

Return-to-duty: This is performed when an employee is ready to return to the workplace after an extended absence. For example, it may be used after an employee has completed the required treatment for substance use following a positive result on a previous drug test.

Because the 10-panel drug test looks for more substances than many other drug tests, it is most frequently used by employers who want to screen employees for a wide range of substances.

What does the test measure?

The 10-panel drug test first analyzes the test sample, usually urine, for the residue of the following 10 substances:

1. Amphetamines Methamphetamines, meth, speed, ecstasy
2. THC Cannabinoids, marijuana, hash
3. Cocaine Coke, crack
4. Opiates Heroin, opium, codeine, morphine
5. Phencyclidine PCP, angel dust
6. Barbiturates Phenobarbital, butalbital, secobarbital
7. Benzodiazepines Diazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam
8. Methaqualone Quaaludes
9. Methadone Opiate analgesic
10. Propoxyphene Darvocet

If traces of these drugs are present in the initial screen, a second round of more precise testing is done to confirm the positive result.

In a urine drug test, additional analyses may be added to the tests for these 10 substances. For example, the lab may check the pH and other characteristics that help show that the urine sample was not adulterated, diluted, or substituted.

When should I get a 10-panel drug test?

An employer or potential employer may require you to get a 10-panel drug test before making a job offer, if they suspect you may have used illegal drugs, as part of a random or periodic drug testing program, or if you’ve been out of work due to an extended absence.

While 10-panel drug tests are most commonly used by employers, you may want to order a test for personal reasons. A 10-panel screen may be used for:

1. Medical screening: Your doctor may order a 10-panel drug test as part of your care.
2. Legal or forensic information: You may be required to take a drug test if you’ve been arrested or part of a surveillance program.
3. Sports/athletics testing: Some athletic competitions require drug testing prior to competing.
4. Monitoring pain medication use: A 10-panel drug test can be used to monitor your treatment and the level of any medications in your system.
5. A medical professional can help you determine when a 10-panel drug test is the right testing option for you.

What does a drug screening test consist of?

A drug test looks for signs of one or more illegal or prescription drugs in a sample of your urine (pee), blood, saliva (spit), hair, or sweat.

 The purpose of a drug test is to look for drug use and misuse, which includes: Using any illegal drugs, such as cocaine or club drugs.

What are the 12 panel drug tests?

A typical 12-Panel Urinalysis Drug Screen tests for active components in 10 different substances, including 

1. amphetamines, 
2. barbiturates, 
3. benzodiazepines, 
4. cannabis, 
5. cocaine,
6.  methadone, 
7. methaqualone, 
8. opioids,
9.  phencyclidine, and
10.  propoxyphene.

What shows up on a 5 panel drug test?

DOT 5 Panel Notice

Marijuana (THC)

Cocaine.

Amphetamines.

Opioids.

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Digestive system test

 A lipase test is a blood test that looks for abnormal levels of the digestive enzyme lipase. It's a simple blood draw that you have in a doctor's office or lab. 

What does a high lipase level mean?  (reference and copy click the link) 

High lipase levels are often a sign of pancreatitis. Dec 15, 2023

H. pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is primarily caused by the transmission of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, which can occur in various ways. Here are the main causes and risk factors:

1. Person-to-Person Transmission

• Oral-to-Oral Route: H. pylori can spread through saliva, especially in families or close contacts. Sharing utensils, kissing, or other forms of close contact can transmit the bacteria.
• Fecal-to-Oral Route: Poor hygiene, especially after using the bathroom, can lead to contamination of food, water, or surfaces with fecal matter containing H. pylori, leading to infection when ingested.

2. Contaminated Food or Water

• Unsafe drinking water: In regions with poor sanitation or water treatment, H. pylori can be present in the water supply, increasing the risk of infection.
• Contaminated food: Eating food that has been handled by someone with the infection or that has been contaminated with unclean water can introduce the bacteria into the digestive system.

3. Living Conditions

• Crowded living environments: Living in close quarters, especially in large families, can increase the likelihood of spreading H. pylori.
• Poor sanitation: Areas with inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices are at higher risk of H. pylori transmission due to contaminated water or food.

4. Geographical Location

• Higher prevalence in developing countries: H. pylori is more common in areas with poor access to clean water and sanitation facilities. In developing nations, up to 80% of the population may be infected, compared to lower rates in developed countries.

5. Age and Childhood Exposure

• Childhood transmission: Infection often occurs in childhood, especially in areas where the bacteria are common. Once infected, a person can carry the bacteria for life unless treated with antibiotics.

6. Poor Hygiene Practices

• Lack of handwashing: Inadequate handwashing, especially after using the restroom or before preparing food, increases the chances of spreading H. pylori.

7. Weakened Immune System

• Compromised immunity: Individuals with weakened immune systems may be more susceptible to H. pylori infections due to their body's reduced ability to fight off bacterial invaders.

Risk Factors for Infection:

• Living in developing countries or regions with poor sanitation.
• Being part of large families or living in crowded conditions.
• Having a family history of H. pylori infection.
• Poor personal hygiene or lack of access to clean water.

Once inside the stomach, H. pylori can survive in the acidic environment by producing an enzyme called urease, which neutralizes the stomach acid around the bacteria. It can then penetrate the stomach lining, causing inflammation and leading to conditions such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even stomach cancer in severe cases.

Prevention focuses on good hygiene practices, access to clean water, and avoiding contaminated food and water.

H. pylori is probably spread by consuming food or water contaminated with the organism that is excreted in fecal matter of infected individuals. H. pylori causes changes to the stomach and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) (figure 1).Aug 3, 2022

What is the number one cause of H. pylori?

H. pylori is probably spread by consuming food or water contaminated with the organism that is excreted in fecal matter of infected individuals.

 H. pylori causes changes to the stomach and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine)

What naturally kills pylori?

H. pylori: Natural Treatments and More

Natural treatment for H. pylori:  Probiotics help maintain the balance between good and bad gut bacteria.

Green tea. ...

Honey. ...

Olive oil. ...

Licorice root. ...

Broccoli sprouts. ...

Phototherapy. ...

Curcumin.

One study found that people whose diets were high in fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds had lower risks of H. pylori infection. 

But those whose diets were full of carbohydrates, processed grains and meats, sugars, and salt were more likely to have H. pylori infections.Sep 27, 2023

fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia

neck and shoulder pain, old woman suffering from neck and shoulder injury, health problem concept

Fibromyalgia (fi·bro·my·al·gi·a) is a condition that causes pain all over the body, also called widespread pain.

Fibromyalgia also causes sleep problems, fatigue, and emotional and mental distress. 

People with fibromyalgia may be more sensitive to pain than people without fibromyalgia. This is called abnormal pain perception processing. 

Fibromyalgia affects about 4 million US adults, about 2% of the adult population. 

The cause of fibromyalgia is not known, but it can be effectively treated and managed. 

The central feature of fibromyalgia is chronic pain in multiple sites. These sites are the head, each arm, the chest, the abdomen, each leg, the upper back and spine, and the lower back and spine (including the buttocks). 

The pain may be mild to severe.

 It may feel like a deep ache, or a stabbing, burning pain.

The most common symptoms of fibromyalgia are

1. Pain and stiffness all over the body.
2. Fatigue and tiredness.
3. Depression and anxiety.
4. Sleep problems.
5. Problems with thinking, memory, and concentration.
6. Headaches, including migraines.

cardiac silhouette normally occupies less than 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest on a PA radiograph.

 The cardiac silhouette normally occupies less than 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest on a PA radiograph. 

If this cardio-thoracic ratio exceeds 50%, the cardiac silhouette may be enlarged. 

This can result from enlargement of the heart or from pericardial fluid.

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cardiac-silhouette?lang=us