Hypertension -quiz

Corrent answers in green.
Incorrect answers in red.

1) Blood pressure is created and maintained by the three parts of the circulatory system.

• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood volume
• All of the above

2) During the diastolic cardiac cycle blood is pumped from the atria into the lower chamber of the heart, the ventricle.

• TRUE
• FALSE

3) Oxygenated blood is transported from the heart to the organs and tissues by

• arteries
• veins
• capillaries
• a and c

4) Blood pressure is defined as the measurement of the ________ exerted against the walls of the blood vessels.

• resistance
• pressure
• relaxation
• oxygen

5) The steady state of pressure in the circulatory system between heartbeats is called the ___________ pressure.

• systolic
• tension
• diastolic
• repolarization

6) Which statement is false when taking someone’s blood pressure.

• The patient should be sitting.
• The arm should be properly positioned at the level of the heart.
• The proper size cuff should be used.
• The patient should be resting for at least 10 minutes before the blood pressure is checked.

7) Stage 2 hypertension is defined as:

• Systolic blood pressure is greater than 160 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is greater than 100 mmHg.
• Systolic blood pressure is 160 mmHg or greater, and diastolic blood pressure is 100 mmHg or greater.
• Systolic blood pressure is greater than 160 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is 100 mmHg or greater.
• Systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is greater than 90 mmHg.

8) There are numerous complications of hypertension, which one listed below is not a complication of hypertension.

• Heart Disease
• Kidney Disease
• Graves’ Disease
• Stroke

9) A hypertensive emergency is typically defined as:

• A systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg.
• A patient exhibits signs and symptoms of sudden, ongoing organ damage.
• A diastolic pressure greater than 120 mmHg.
• All of the above

10) A supervisor should be immediately notified if

• the systolic pressure is greater than 120 mmHg.
• the diastolic pressure is greater than 90 mmHg.
• the patient would like to use the bathroom before having vital signs taken.
• the blood pressure is greater than 140/90 mmHg and this is a new finding for this patient.

Take Evaluation

Train your Direct Care Staff for One Low Price

© 20

Human Anatomy- Quizz

 Test Results

Corrent answers in green.
Incorrect answers in red.

1) The marrow of the bones is where

• red blood cells are produced.
• cartilage is produced.
• osteocalcin is produced.
• white blood cells are produced.

2) The outside of almost every bone is covered by a thin membrane called the

• lamella.
• cancellous bone.
• endosteum.
• periosteum.

3) ____________ are bands of tissue that connect one bone to another and maintain the structural integrity of the joints.

• Cartilages
• Tendons
• Ligaments
• Lamellae

4) ____________ muscles are muscles that a person can control.

• Cardiac
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Connective

5) There are _____________ in the arteries that can sense when the blood pressure has increased past a safe point.

• cardiac muscles
• peripheral nerves
• smooth muscles
• connective tissue

6) The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to

• maintain acid-base balance.
• regulate glucose metabolism.
• eliminate carbon dioxide.
• circulate blood.

7) The most important function of the _______________ is to carry the unoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide back to the heart.

• venous system
• cardiovascular system
• arterial system
• leukocytes

8) The pulmonary system begins in the nose and oral cavity, and it continues to the last air-transporting structures known as the

• alveoli.
• trachea.
• bronchioles.
• alveolar ducts.

9) The _______________ is where the majority of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins are absorbed.

• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
• duodenum

10) The __________________ produces calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate the homeostasis of calcium.

• thyroid gland
• pineal gland
• pituitary gland
• pancreas

Take Evaluation

Train your Direct Care Staff for One Low Price

© 2009 - 2024 cnaZone.com

ABOUTPRICIN

Body Temperature -quiz

Corrent answers in green.
Incorrect answers in red.

1) Body heat that is lost because heat moves to an area that is colder is referred to as:

• conduction.
• evaporation.
• convection.
• radiation.

2) Body heat is controlled by an area of the brain called the:

• hypothalamus.
• pituitary gland.
• pineal gland.
• basal ganglia.

3) The normal body temperature measured rectally of a child aged 3 to 10 years is:

• 98.6 - 100.4°F or 37 - 38°C
• 98.6 - 100.6°F or 37 - 38.1°C
• 97.9 - 100.4°F or 36.6 - 38°C
• 97 - 99.4°F or 36.1 - 37.4°C

4) The two most accurate indirect methods of measuring core body temperature are:

• axillary and oral.
• otic and oral.
• rectal and otic/tympanic.
• oral and forehead.

5) If the patient’s body temperature is abnormally high or if there has been a significant change from the patient’s normal baseline temperature, the health care professional should:

• schedule another reading to see if there is a change.
• immediately notify his or her superior.
• use another method to take body temperature to confirm the first reading.
• note the change in the patient’s chart and check on the patient later that day.

6) Cooling blankets and ice packs cool core body temperature through the mechanism known as:

• conduction.
• diffusion.
• convection.
• radiation.

7) Each heartbeat has two phases, and the resting phase is known as:

• diastole.
• diffusion.
• rhythm.
• systole.

8) A pulse rate that is below the lower limit of normal is called:

• an arrhythmia.
• tachycardia.
• an irregular heartbeat.
• bradycardia.

9) Measuring a patient’s pulse using the radial artery, count the pulse for at least 30 seconds _____________.

• using your thumb to feel the patient’s pulse.
• and record the number of pulses.
• then multiply times two.
• then divide by two.

10) The normal respiratory rate for an adult is ___________ a minute.

• 20 to 27
• 30 to 40
• 12 to 20
• 17 to 25

Take Evaluation

Train your Direct Care Staff for One Low Price

© 2009 - 2024 cnaZone.com

Cooling blankets and ice packs cool core body temperature through the mechanism known as:

 

6) Cooling blankets and ice packs cool core body temperature through the mechanism known as:

1. conduction.
2. diffusion.
3. convection.
4. radiation.

The correct answer is:

conduction.

Explanation:

Cooling blankets and ice packs work by conduction, which involves the direct transfer of heat from the body to a cooler object (e.g., the blanket or ice pack) in physical contact with the skin. Heat moves from the warmer body to the cooler object until thermal equilibrium is reached.

Why not the other options?

1. Diffusion: Refers to the movement of particles (like gases or liquids) from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, not heat transfer.
2. Convection: Involves heat transfer through the movement of air or liquid (e.g., a fan or cool water circulating over the body).
3. Radiation: Involves heat transfer through electromagnetic waves without direct contact (e.g., losing heat to the cooler environment).

body temperature is abnormally high or if there has been a significant change from the patient’s normal baseline temperature

 

If the patient’s body temperature is abnormally high or if there has been a significant change from the patient’s normal baseline temperature, the health care professional should:

• 
  
• schedule another reading to see if there is a change.
• immediately notify his or her superior.
• use another method to take body temperature to confirm the first reading.
• note the change in the patient’s chart and check on the patient later that day.

The correct answer is:

use another method to take body temperature to confirm the first reading.

Explanation:

If a patient's body temperature is abnormally high or there is a significant change from their normal baseline, the healthcare professional should first confirm the accuracy of the reading. This involves taking the temperature again using another method to rule out any errors in measurement or device malfunction. Once the abnormal reading is confirmed, appropriate actions, such as notifying a superior or initiating interventions, can follow.

Why not the other options?

1. Schedule another reading to see if there is a change: Delaying confirmation could risk patient safety if the abnormal temperature indicates an urgent condition.
2. Immediately notify his or her superior: While notifying a superior is important, confirming the abnormal reading comes first to avoid reporting a potential error.
3. Note the change in the patient’s chart and check on the patient later that day: This delays necessary actions and may compromise patient care.

body temperature taking method- the most accurate indirect methods of measuring core body temperature are

 

The two most accurate indirect methods of measuring core body temperature are:

axillary and oral.
otic and oral.
rectal and otic/tympanic.
oral and forehead.

The correct answer is:

rectal and otic/tympanic.

Explanation:

The rectal and otic/tympanic (ear) methods are considered the most accurate indirect methods for measuring core body temperature because:

Rectal temperature closely reflects the body's internal core temperature, making it highly reliable, especially in clinical settings.

Tympanic (otic) temperature measures the heat emitted by the eardrum, which shares a blood supply with the hypothalamus (the body's temperature regulation center), providing an accurate representation of core temperature.

Other options:

Axillary and oral: Less accurate; 

axillary is affected by external conditions, and 

oral may vary due to breathing or consumption of food/drink.

Oral and forehead: Oral is moderately accurate, but forehead (temporal) is less precise in certain situations.

Otic and oral: Tympanic is accurate, but oral is less so compared to rectal or tympanic.

3) The normal body temperature measured rectally of a child aged 3 to 10 years is:

 3) The normal body temperature measured rectally of a child aged 3 to 10 years is:

98.6 - 100.4°F or 37 - 38°C

98.6 - 100.6°F or 37 - 38.1°C

97.9 - 100.4°F or 36.6 - 38°C

97 - 99.4°F or 36.1 - 37.4°C

The correct answer is:

97.9 - 100.4°F or 36.6 - 38°C.

Explanation:

For children aged 3 to 10 years, a rectal temperature of 97.9 to 100.4°F (36.6 to 38°C) is considered normal. Rectal temperatures tend to be slightly higher than oral or axillary (underarm) temperatures, making this range appropriate for rectal measurements

Body heat is controlled by HYPOTHALAMUS

Body heat is controlled by an area of the brain called the:

• hypothalamus.
• pituitary gland.
• pineal gland.
• basal ganglia.

ANSWER - hypothalamus.

• Explanation:
• The hypothalamus is the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature.
•  It acts as the body's thermostat, detecting changes in temperature and initiating responses to maintain homeostasis (e.g., sweating to cool down or shivering to generate heat).

Definitions of other options:

Pituitary gland: Known as the "master gland," it controls various hormones but does not regulate body temperature directly.

Pineal gland: Produces melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles, not temperature.

Basal ganglia: Involved in movement and coordination, not temperature regulation.

Heat radiation

 1) Body heat that is lost because heat moves to an area that is colder is referred to as: 

conduction. evaporation. convection. radiation.

radiation.

Explanation: Body heat lost because heat moves to an area that is colder without direct contact is referred to as radiation. This process occurs when heat is transferred in the form of infrared rays from a warmer object (the body) to a cooler environment.

Definitions of other options:

1. Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact with another object (e.g., sitting on a cold surface).
2. Evaporation: Heat loss when sweat evaporates from the skin.
3. Convection: Heat loss through the movement of air or liquid over the skin.

the third largest organ

 The 3rd largest organ in the human body is the lungs.

Here’s the breakdown:

1. The skin is the largest organ by surface area and weight.

2. The liver is the second largest by volume and mass.

3. The lungs are the third largest, as they occupy significant space in the chest cavity and are crucial for respiration.

Candida Auris

Candida auris is a fungal infection that can cause serious illness. People who get it are usually in the hospital or long-term care facilities. They often have other medical conditions or have a medical device in their body. People with a healthy immune system usually don’t get sick from C. auris, but can transmit it to others.

Advertisement

Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy

Care at Cleveland Clinic

Find a Primary Care Provider

Schedule an Appointment

Advertisement

Advertisement

Advertisement

Advertisement

ContentsOverviewSymptoms and CausesDiagnosis and TestsManagement and TreatmentPreventionOutlook / PrognosisAdditional Common Questions

ContentsOverviewSymptoms and CausesDiagnosis and TestsManagement and TreatmentPreventionOutlook / PrognosisAdditional Common Questions

Overview

What is Candida auris?

Candida auris (C. auris) is a fungus that can cause serious illness. Some strains are resistant to multiple drugs, making them hard to treat. It most commonly spreads in hospitals or long-term care facilities. It can cause:

• Ear infections.
• Wound infections.
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs).
• Infections in your blood that spread to the rest of your body.

Unlike other species (types) of Candida, experts don’t think C. auris lives naturally on your body. You get it from contaminated surfaces or from other people who have a C. auris infection.

Most people without underlying health conditions aren’t at risk for C. auris infections.

How common are Candida auris infections?

C. auris infections are rare. However, they’re considered an emerging infectious disease, as healthcare providers have had an increase in cases since around 2019. Providers are taking additional steps to prevent the spread of C. auris in hospitals and long-term care facilities.

Symptoms and Causes

What are the symptoms of a Candida auris infection?

Symptoms of a C. auris infection depend on where in your body the fungus infects. Some symptoms could include:

• Fever.
• Chills.
• Lethargy (extreme tiredness).
• Low blood pressure.
• High heart rate (tachycardia).
• Low body temperature (hypothermia).
• Pain, pressure or feeling of fullness in your ear (C. auris ear infection).

Since many people who get C. auris infections are already seriously ill, symptoms of C. auris may not be noticeable. Many people carrying C. auris don’t have symptoms but can still pass it to someone else.

How is Candida auris transmitted?

You get a C. auris infection from contact with someone who has it (even if they have no symptoms) or from a contaminated surface. In healthcare settings, infections can pass from person to person or through contaminated medical equipment. It can also infect you through a medical device in your body (like a central venous line or breathing tube).

Can Candida auris spread through the air?

No, experts don’t believe C. auris spreads through the air. It’s usually carried on your skin and travels from person to person or through contaminated objects.

What are the risk factors for Candida auris infections?

Most people who contract C. auris infections have a weakened immune system from an underlying health condition. You might be at a higher risk if you have:

• A central venous line, breathing tube, feeding tube, bladder catheter or another device that goes into your body. These can allow C. auris to get into your body from the outside.
• A blood cancer or diabetes.
• Been in a hospital or another healthcare facility for a long time.
• Had surgery recently.
• Been on antibiotics for a long time, or use them frequently.

What are the complications of Candida auris infections?

If C. auris spreads to your blood, it can cause serious complications, including:

• Sepsis.
• Shock.
• Organ failure.

Diagnosis and Tests

How are Candida auris infections diagnosed?

C. auris can be difficult to diagnose. It requires special testing and is sometimes mistaken for other infectious diseases. Your provider may think you have a C. auris infection if you have symptoms of a bacterial infection that don’t go away with antibiotics. They may test samples from your body for C. auris, including:

• Blood.
• Pee (urine).
• Poop (stool).
• Fluid or tissue from a wound.
• A swab from your groin, armpits, ears, vagina or rectum.

Management and Treatment

Can a Candida auris infection be cured?

A type of medication called echinocandins can usually cure a Candida auris infection. But some types of C. auris are becoming resistant to medications, making them harder to treat. Providers may need to use a combination of medications to get rid of the infection.

Prevention

Can C. auris be prevented?

Healthcare providers follow safety and sterilization rules to prevent healthcare-acquired infections like C. auris. These include:

• Handwashing.
• Disinfecting surfaces.
• Ensuring that people only take antibiotics when they have bacterial infections.
• Sterilizing medical devices.
• Screening patients and visitors to healthcare facilities when there’s a suspected outbreak.
• Quarantining (isolating) people with C. auris infections so it doesn’t spread to other people.

You can help prevent C. auris infections by washing your hands frequently, especially if you’re caring for someone with a weakened immune system or who’s spent a long time in a healthcare facility recently. You can also ask your provider how long you need to use invasive medical devices like catheters.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the mortality rate of Candida auris infections?

Since most people who get C. auris already have serious underlying health conditions that have an increased risk of mortality, the true mortality rate of C. auris is hard to know. Some limited studies show the rate as high as 30% to 60%.

Additional Common Questions

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Even when you’re in the hospital, communication with your healthcare team is important. Let them know if you’re experiencing symptoms of an infection, like pain, rapid heart rate, weakness or fever.

What questions should I ask my doctor?

It might be helpful to ask your healthcare provider:

• What are my treatment options?
• When can I expect to feel better?
• How did I get this infection?
• What can I do to prevent an infection like this in the future?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Candida auris infections are rare but serious. Your healthcare providers work to keep hospitals and long-term care facilities safe. Most people don’t need to worry about Candida auris. It usually doesn’t cause an infection in people with healthy immune systems. Don’t hesitate to speak up to a provider if you’re concerned about C. auris for yourself or a loved one in their care. They can answer any questions you have about C. auris prevention.