case study

•  ca breast s/p left mastectomy (1993) s/p (· s/p. (medicine) Abbreviation of status post)
• ca breast s/p right mastectomy (2018)
• colon CA s/p colectomy 
• left hip fracture s/p left hip hemiarthroplasty.
• chest pressure (+) found to have pulmonary edema => diuretics , diuresis IV
• bedside u/s today 
• thyroid lobe mass (endocrinology) biopsy 

10 foods you should eat when you're tired

 10 foods you should eat when you're tired

copy from the following link for education purpose

https://www.emergencyemail.org/newsemergency/anmviewer.asp?a=10556&z=58#:~:text=10%20foods%20you,improve%20motor%20performance.

If you are feeling tired during the day, then you may need to make a few changes in your diet. In many cases, diet is the cause of fatigue. There are many foods that can boost your energy.

Oatmeal

Whole-grain rich foods are one of the best foods that you can eat if you are low on energy. Oatmeal is a great source of whole grains. They are also rich in complex carbohydrates. Studies have shown that people who eat a breakfast that is high in complex carbohydrates are more alert than people who eat a diet that is high in fat.

Nuts

Nuts not only beat fatigue, but they can also fight hunger. That is why they make a great afternoon snack. Pecans, walnuts and cashews are some of the best types of nuts that you can eat.

Bananas

Bananas are filled with natural sugar, amino acids and complex carbohydrates. It also has tyrosine. This is an animo acid that helps improve alertness.

Water

If you frequently drink sodas and fruit juices, then you may want to drink water instead. Drinking water is one of the simplest things that you can do to boost your energy. In many cases, dehydration is the cause of fatigue.

Avocado

Avocados are filled with healthy fats. These healthy fats can increase energy and satiety. They also help fight inflammation, which has been shown to cause fatigue.

Fresh Fruits

Fresh foods have more nutrients than processed foods. Foods that are processed are often stripped of important nutrients. Apples, oranges, pears and peaches are some of the energy-boosting fresh fruits that you can try.

Dark Chocolate

Dark chocolate has caffeine, so it is great to eat if you are tired. Not only can dark chocolate boost energy, but it can also improve cognitive function. Additionally, dark chocolate is filled with antioxidants that can improve your overall health.

Lean Protein

Lean meat, such as chicken and fish, are low in fat. They are also a great source of protein. Fish also has omega 3 fatty acids, which help reduce inflammation. Protein-rich foods help boost energy.

Leafy Greens

Kale, swiss chard and spinach are examples of leafy greens. They are filled with fiber and protein, which can increase your energy. Furthermore, they are filled with disease-fighting antioxidants.

Berries

Berries are high in fiber. They also have natural sugar. Not only can berries increase your energy, but they can also improve motor performance.

Maintain Cognitive Function

Small changes may really add up: Making these part of your routine could help you function better.

1. Take Care of Your Physical Health.
2. Manage High Blood Pressure.
3. Eat Healthy Foods.
4. Be Physically Active.
5. Keep Your Mind Active.
6. Stay Connected with Social Activities.
7. Manage Stress.
8. Reduce Risks to Cognitive Health.

What are 3 ways the elderly can maintain cognitive functioning?

Hobbies such as playing chess, reading a book or doing a daily Sudoku puzzle can help boost overall cognitive function. Specifically, these hobbies may help sharpen quick-thinking skills, such as processing speed, decision-making and short-term memory.

How can I keep my brain healthy at old age?

5 Ways to Keep a Sharp Mind as You Age

1. Stimulate Your Brain. According to the Alzheimer Association, mental stimulation is important for brain health. Continuing to learn new skills, working crossword puzzles or math games and increasing social interaction are great ways to keep your mind active. Stay curious and involved in lifelong learning.
2. Eat Smart. Studies show that eating plenty of vegetables and fish rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna and mackerel, decrease risk for cognitive decline. Avoid saturated fats, trans fats and hydrogenated oils.
3. Exercise Regularly. .. Staying physically active helps maintain regular blood flow to the brain and reduces the risk for high blood pressure, which is associated with the development of dementia..
4. Quit Smoking and Limit Drinking. . Both decrease cognitive function. If you smoke, stop. If you choose to drink, do so moderately.
5. Control Your Cholesterol and High Blood Pressure.Either of these problems increase your risk of heart disease and stroke. 

causes of cognitive deficit :   COGNITIVE DEFICIT, LATE EFFECT OF STROKE

Hypoxia

 Hypoxia is low levels of oxygen in your body tissues. It causes symptoms like confusion, restlessness, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and bluish skin. 

Many chronic heart and lung conditions can put you at risk for hypoxia. Hypoxia can be life-threatening

Hypoxemia can be caused by 

1. lung and heart diseases, 
2. congenital heart defects, and 
3. medications that slow your breathing.
4.  Traveling to a high altitude, where levels of oxygen are lower, can also cause hypoxemia.

Afib

 Afib stands for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is a type of arrhythmia, or abnormal heartbeat. Afib is caused by extremely fast and irregular beats from the upper chambers of the heart (usually more than 400 beats per minute). A normal, healthy heartbeat involves a regular contraction of the heart muscle.

https://www.google.com/search?q=ecg+afib+meaning&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=Afib%20stands%20for,the%20heart%20muscle.

Final quizz

An increased concentration of a particular type of protein in the urine is:

  

pyuria.

 

Correct!

  

albuminuria.

 

  

glycosuria.

 

  

hematuria.

 

 

A 53-year-old man underwent puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid. This can be documented as:

  

thoracotomy.

 

  

pneumocentesis.

 

  

pneumoectomy.

 

Correct!

  

thoracentesis.

 

The term Absence of breathing is termed:

  

hyperpnea.

 

  

dyspnea.

 

  

hypopnea.

 

       apnea

Correct!

  

apnea.

 biliary refers to:

  

saliva.

 

  

gallbladder.

 

  

gall stones.

 

Correct!

  

bile.

 

Which of the following is not generally characteristic of untreated diabetes mellitus?

  

Polyuria

 

  

Glycosuria

 

Correct!

  

Jaundice

 

  

Hyperglycemia

 

A hiatal hernia is:

  

a mass of unnaturally distended veins in the esophagus.

 

  

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall.

 

Correct!

  

a type of gastrocele.

 

  

endoscopic examination of the stomach.

 

Enterostasis is:

  

ulceration of the small intestine.

 

Correct!

  

stoppage or delay in passage of food through the intestine.

 

  

small pouches in the intestinal wall.

 

  

ulceration of the esophagus.

 

Sialography is:

Correct!

  

radiographic examination of the salivary glands and ducts.

 

  

formation of calculi in the salivary ducts.

 

  

excessive secretion of saliva.

 

  

endoscopic examination of the salivary glands.

 

A patient who eats normally but is unable to absorb nutri                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ents is at risk for:

  

bulimia.

 

  

anorexia nervosa.

 

  

purgative.

 

Correct!

  

malnutrition.

 

Absence of urination or production of less than 100 mL of urine per day is:

  

hematuria.

 

  

hypoxia.

 

  

uremia.

 

Correct!

  

anuria.

 

X-ray series following injection of a contrast medium into the renal arteries provide radiologists with valuable information about arterial blood supply to the kidneys. An image that results from this procedure is known as a:

  

nephrotomogram.

 

  

cystogram.

 

Correct!

  

renal arteriogram.

 

  

pyelogram.

 

Removal of impurities from the blood is referred to as:

  

peritoneal dialysis.

 

  

renal insufficiency.

 

Correct!

  

hemodialysis.

 

  

diuresis.

 

A patient with a spinal cord injury had a(n) _____ catheter placed in the bladder through a small incision or puncture of the abdominal wall approximately 1 inch above the symphysis pubis.

  

ureteral

 

Correct!

  

suprapubic

 

  

urethral

 

  

Foley

 

A 63-year-old woman discovers a fistula between her rectum and vagina. The adjective for this type of fistula is:

  

vesicovaginal.

 

  

urethrovaginal.

 

  

cystovaginal.

 

Correct!

  

rectovaginal.

 

Abnormal implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus is called:

Correct!

  

an ectopic pregnancy.

 

  

colpocervicitis.

 

  

a pelvic inflammatory disorder.

 

  

cryptorchidism.

 

A herniation of the bladder through the vaginal wall is called a(n) __.

Correct!

Correct Answers

cystocele

 

At what time point is a developing human embryo referred to as a fetus?

Correct!

  

8 weeks after conception

 

  

4 weeks after fertilization

 

  

6 weeks after fertilization

 

  

2 weeks after conception

 

___________ is defined as an inflammation of a uterine tube.

Correct!

Correct Answers

Salpingitis

 

Which of the following is the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands?

Correct!

  

Sebum

 

  

Furuncle

 

  

Lunula

 

  

Ecchymosis

  

means through or across the skin.

You Answered

Correct Answers

Transdermal

 

Question 61

1 / 1 pts

Excessive exposure to sun increases the risk for skin cancer, which is comprised of which types of cells?

  

Keloids

 

Correct!

  

Melanocytes

 

  

Contusions

 

  

Onychocytes

 

Which of the following is a correct statement concerning sense organs?

  

They are located only in the brain.

 

  

They include the eyes, the ears, the brain, the mouth, and the nose.

 

Correct!

  

They have receptors that detect sensations.

 

  

They are located only beneath the thalamus.

 

What is the term for an increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull?

  

Cerebral hemorrhage

 

  

Cerebral concussion

 

  

Cephalalgia

 

Correct!

  

Hydrocephalus

 

Which of Abnormal slowness of movement or sluggishness of mental and physical processes is called:

Correct!

  

bradykinesia.

 

  

diplegia.

 

  

cerebral palsy.

 

  

encephalocele.

 the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults and results in abnormal enlargement of the extremities, including the nose, jaw, fingers, and toes?

Correct Answer

  

Acromegaly

 

  

Myxedema

 

  

Adrenalitis

 

  

Diabetes mellitus

 

A term for decreased activity of the parathyroid glands is:

  

hypophysis.

 

  

hypothyroidism.

 

  

hypoglycemia.

 

Correct Answer

  

hypoparathyroidism.

 

A 34-year-old woman has a disorder of the left eye that presents as an uneven focusing of the image called astigmatism, caused by:

  

advanced age.

 

  

increased intraocular pressure.

 

  

deterioration of the retina.

 

Correct Answer

  

distortion of the curvature of the lens or cornea.

 

What is the function of a Snellen chart?

  

It is used to measure the cornea.

 

  

It is used for assessment of visual fields.

 

  

It examines the various layers of the eye.

 

Correct!

  

It tests sharpness of vision.

 

The term for a graphic record of the contracting of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation is:

  

electroencephalography.

 

Correct Answer

  

electromyogram.

 

You Answered

  

electromyography.

 

  

electroencephalogram.

 

_ means through or across the skin.

You Answered

Correct Answers

Transdermal

 

 You are interested in purchasing a new pair of glasses. Which professional specializes in the filling and adapting of prescriptions and products for vision?

  

Ophthalmologist

 

  

Histologist

 

You Answered

  

Optometrist

  wrong 

Correct Answer

  

Optician

     (correct )