Monday, July 7, 2025

 Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?

A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Superior vena cava
D. Right atrium




  1. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

  2. The pulmonary artery actually carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, which is the opposite of most arteries.

  3. The superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.




What is the primary function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?
A. Carry oxygen
B. Fight infections
C. Clot blood
D. Produce hormones

✔️ Answer: B. Fight infections

Explanation:
White blood cells (leukocytes) are a key part of the immune system. Their main job is to:

  • Detect and destroy pathogens (like bacteria, viruses, and parasites)

  • Support the body’s immune defense

Which process describes water moving across a semipermeable membrane?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Filtration


Explanation:

  • Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, aiming to balance the solute levels.

  • It’s a passive transport process (doesn’t require energy).

What type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip?
A. Hinge
B. Pivot
C. Saddle
D. Ball and socket

✔️ Answer: D. Ball and socket

Explanation:

  • The shoulder and hip joints are both ball-and-socket joints, which allow for a wide range of motion in almost all directions.

  • These joints enable movements like rotation, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.


Which structure connects muscle to bone?
A. Ligament
B. Cartilage
C. Tendon
D. Fascia

  • Tendons connect muscle to bone and help transfer the force of muscle contraction to move the bones.

  • Ligaments, in contrast, connect bone to bone at joints.

  • Cartilage cushions joints, and fascia is connective tissue surrounding muscles and organs.

  • Which organ is responsible for detoxifying the blood and producing bile?
    A. Kidney
    B. Liver
    C. Pancreas
    D. Gallbladder

    What’s your answer?


  • Question 7:

    DNA is made up of:
    A. Amino acids
    B. Fatty acids
    C. Nucleotides

    D. Monosaccharides


    • A sugar (deoxyribose)

    • A phosphate group

    • A nitrogenous base (A, T, C, or G)

  • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is made up of repeating units called nucleotides, each consisting of:

  • Amino acids build proteins, fatty acids build lipids, and monosaccharides are simple sugars.


  • At extremely high temperatures, enzymes denature, meaning:

    • Their shape changes

    • They lose function

  • Enzymes only work within an optimal temperature range. Too hot = structure breaks down.


  • What is the atomic number of an element?
    A. Number of protons
    B. Number of neutrons
    C. Number of electrons + neutrons
    D. Number of isotopes


    • Golgi apparatus

      Explanation:


      The Golgi apparatus is the organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport inside or outside the cell.


      Ribosomes (your answer) are where proteins are made, but they don’t package or transport them.


    • -

     

    [Brain Ventricles] ← Catheter → Tube → [External Drain Bag + ICP Monitor]
    -

    astrocytoma

     An astrocytoma is a type of glioma, a tumor that develops from star-shaped brain cells called astrocytes. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and can occur in both children and adults. Astrocytomas can vary in their growth rate and aggressiveness, ranging from slow-growing to rapidly growing, and are classified into grades 1 through 4, with grade 4 being the most aggressive. 



    🧑‍⚕️ Nursing & Monitoring

    • Head must stay aligned and at the correct level (usually 0°–30° angle)

    • The drainage system must stay level with the child’s head to prevent over- or underdrainage

    • Regular monitoring for CSF output, ICP values, and signs of infection

    📤 When is it removed?

    • When the underlying issue is resolved (e.g., tumor removed, swelling gone)

    • Or when a permanent solution like a VP shunt is placed


    1. EVD Placement (External Ventricular Drain)

    What is it?

    An External Ventricular Drain (EVD) is a temporary catheter (tube) surgically inserted into the ventricles of the brain to:

    • Drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

    • Relieve intracranial pressure (ICP)

    • Monitor pressure within the brain 

      ✅ Normal ICP:

      • 3 to 7 mmHg (millimeters of mercury)

      • 📈 Elevated ICP in children:

        • > 15 mmHg is concerning

        • > 20 mmHg is generally considered pathologic and may require intervention

        • > 40 mmHg is severe and life-threatening

        • 🎯 ICP Management Goals (in critical care):

          For children with brain injury, hydrocephalus, or post-op care:

          • Keep ICP < 20 mmHg

          • Maintain cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) to avoid brain ischemia

        • 📈 How is ICP monitored?

          • The EVD system is connected to a pressure transducer

          • Normal ICP in a 6-year-old = 3–7 mmHg

          • Readings are continuously monitored in the ICU

          • If ICP rises (e.g., > 15–20 mmHg), doctors may adjust drainage or give medications

    • Remove blood or infection (in some cases)

    Why is it placed?

    EVD is placed when there's:

    • Hydrocephalus (too much CSF in the brain)

    • Increased ICP from trauma, tumor, hemorrhage, or infection

    • Need for CSF diversion while waiting for a permanent solution (e.g., VP shunt)

    How is it placed?

    1. Preparation:

      • The patient is sedated or under general anesthesia.

      • Head is shaved and sterilized.

    2. Burr Hole:

      • A small hole is drilled in the skull (usually in the frontal bone).

    3. Catheter Insertion:

      • A soft catheter is inserted through the brain tissue into a lateral ventricle.

      • CSF flows through the catheter and is collected in an external drainage system.

    4. System Setup:

      • The drainage system is calibrated to drain at a specific pressure level.

      • The EVD height relative to the patient’s head determines the drainage rate.

  • Risks

    1. Infection (especially after 5–7 days)

    2. Hemorrhage

    3. Overdrainage → collapsed ventricles

    4. Misplacement or clogging of the catheter

    What is SEGA?

    SEGA stands for Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma:

    • A benign brain tumor

    • Often associated with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)

    • Usually located near the foramen of Monro (the passage between ventricles)

    Why is resection needed?

    • Tumor blocks CSF flow → causes obstructive hydrocephalus

    • Can lead to increased ICP, headaches, nausea, vision changes, seizures

    • Though slow-growing, it can become life-threatening due to location

    Surgical Resection Procedure:

    1. Pre-op Imaging:

      • MRI/CT to visualize the tumor and plan surgery

    2. Craniotomy:

      • The skull is opened to access the tumor.

      • Usually done via interhemispheric transcallosal or transcortical approach.

    3. Tumor Removal:

      • The surgeon carefully dissects the tumor from surrounding brain tissue.

      • Aim: Total resection, while preserving surrounding structures

    4. Post-op Monitoring:

      • Watch for CSF leaks, infections, hydrocephalus, seizures, or neurologic deficits

    5. \

    Alternative Treatment (if surgery is risky):

    • mTOR inhibitors like everolimus (Afinitor) may shrink the tumor in patients with TSC.

      • Especially helpful when surgery is not safe or tumor is small.

    Recovery & Follow-up:

    • ICU monitoring post-surgery

    • Neurologic assessments

    • MRI follow-ups to check for residual tumor or recurrence

    • Consideration of VP shunt if hydrocephalus persists

    Summary Table:

    TopicDescription
    EVDCatheter to drain CSF and reduce ICP
    Reason for EVDHydrocephalus, increased pressure from SEGA tumor
    SEGA TumorBenign brain tumor near foramen of Monro, common in TSC
    Why Remove SEGABlocks CSF flow → hydrocephalus, symptoms, pressure
    Surgical RiskBleeding, infection, damage to brain tissue
    Post-op CareICU monitoring, imaging, neurologic checks

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    Labels:

    Monday, June 30, 2025

    Appendicitis

     Appendicitis happens when the appendix becomes inflamed, usually due to a blockage. Here’s a simple explanation of why this occurs:



    📌 Causes of Appendicitis:



    1. Blockage of the appendix opening – the most common cause.
      • This can be due to:
        • Hardened stool (called a fecalith)
        • Swollen lymph nodes (especially after an infection)
        • Parasites or tumors (less common)


    3. Bacterial infection – once blocked, bacteria can grow inside the appendix.
    4. Inflammation and swelling – the buildup of bacteria and pressure causes pain, swelling, and possible rupture if not treated.






    ⚠️ Why It’s Dangerous:



    • If untreated, the appendix can burst (rupture), spilling infected material into the abdomen.
    • This can lead to peritonitis, a life-threatening infection of the abdominal lining.






    🔍 Symptoms to Watch For:



    • Sharp pain in the lower right abdomen
    • Fever
    • Nausea or vomiting
    • Loss of appetite


    -

    Thursday, June 19, 2025

    rate my professor

     David (vika) Palaita

    -

    HESI english



    1. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the word abrupt?

      Correct

      Answer: Sudden or unexpected

      Abrupt means sudden or unexpected. 

      A strong hand gripped her arm, bringing her to an abrupt stop.

      Something that is intended to prevent disease is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word prophylactic. 

      The condition of being alone, especially when this makes you feel unhappy is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word isolation. 

      In a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word efficiency.

    2. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to the word malfunctioning?

      Correct

      Answer: Dysfunctional

      Dysfunctional means not performing normally, as an organ or structure of the body; malfunctioning. 

      Plain abdominal X-rays are useful to detect gaseous distention of the dysfunctional organs.

      Tenacious is incorrect. Tenacious means holding fast; characterized by keeping a firm hold.

      Illogical is incorrect. Illogical means someone or something that lacks sense or clear, sound reasoning.

      Parsimonious is incorrect. Parsimonious means someone who is not willing to spend money or to give or use a lot of something.

    3. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the word febrile?

      Correct

      Answer: Pertaining to or marked by fever

      Febrile means pertaining to or marked by fever.

      Last December, my son had to be taken to the hospital after suffering a febrile seizure.

      Having no money or anything else of value is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word indigent. 

      Causing or capable of causing disease is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word pathogenic. 

      The act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word diagnosis.

    4. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the word languid?

      Correct

      Answer: Lacking energy, or causing a lack of energy or enthusiasm

      Languid refers to someone or something that is lacking energy, or causing a lack of energy or enthusiasm.

      His languid manner showed he hadn’t fully recovered from the disease and was still weak.

      Having no money or anything else of value is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word indigent.

      Growing or developing quickly is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word burgeoning. 

      Relating to the elderly, especially with regard to their healthcare is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word geriatric.

    5. Question

    1. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.

      The nurse developed a detailed diet regimen for the patient.

      Correct

      Answer: A regulated course, as of diet, exercise, or manner of living, intended to preserve or restore health or to attain some result

      Regimen is a regulated course, as of diet, exercise, or manner of living, intended to preserve or restore health or to attain some result.

      Always consult your healthcare provider before beginning a new regimen.

      Something that is first in order, rank, or importance is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word primary. 

      Existing or situated within the limits or surface of something is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word internal. 

      Concealed or disguised is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word covert.

    6. Question

    1. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.

      The nurse gave concise instructions to the patient.

      Correct

      Answer: Expressing or covering much in few words

      Concise means expressing or covering much in a few words.

      She gave a clear and concise account of the accident.

      To harass or punish in a manner designed to injure, grieve, or afflict is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word persecute.

      Pertaining to, composed of, or provided with vessels or ducts that convey fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word vascular. 

      Soft or weak rather than firm is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word flaccid.

    7. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to “lift up”?

      Correct

      Answer: Elevate

      Elevate means to move or raise to a higher place or position; lift up.

      Exercise made her heartbeat elevate and her body sweat.

      Auscultate is incorrect. Auscultate means to examine by auscultation.

      Prolific is incorrect. Prolific refers to someone producing a great number or amount of something.

      Ostracize is incorrect. To ostracize means to be excluded from a society or group.

    8. Question

    1. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.

      The potent mixture of medications immediately alleviated the patient’s pain.

      Correct

      Answer: Chemically or medicinally effective

      Potent means chemically or medicinally effective.

      If he could get potent drugs to cure disease, he was content, and he worked very hard in an empirical way to make them.

      Something that is growing or developing quickly is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word burgeoning. 

      Not allowing entrance or passage is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word impervious. 

      Characterized by or given to doing good is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word benevolent. 

    9. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to “a persistent false psychotic belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that is maintained despite indisputable evidence to the contrary”?

      Correct

      Answer: Delusion

      Delusion means a persistent false psychotic belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that is maintained despite indisputable evidence to the contrary.

      The man kept describing the delusion that someone was out to hurt him.

      Precipitous is incorrect. Precipitous means happening in a very quick and sudden way, without any thought or planning.

      Infection is incorrect. Infection means the state produced by the establishment of one or more pathogenic agents (such as bacteria, protozoans, or viruses) in or on the body of a suitable host.

      Omniscient is incorrect. Omniscient means a person who knows or sees everything.

    10. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to the word possibility?

      Correct

      Answer: Potential

      Potential means existing in possibility; capable of development into actuality.

       Doctors are excited about the new drug’s potential benefits.

      Fluctuate is incorrect. To fluctuate means to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another.

      Amenable is incorrect. Amenable refers to someone who is willing to accept, or be influenced by a suggestion.

      Manifestation is incorrect. Manifestation means the act, process, or an instance of manifesting.

    11. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to “an act or practice of causing death painlessly, so as to end suffering: advocated by some as a way to deal with persons dying of incurable, painful diseases”?

      Correct

      Answer: Euthanasia

      Euthanasia means the act or practice of causing death painlessly, so as to end suffering: advocated by some as a way to deal with persons dying of incurable, painful diseases.

      If her condition worsens beyond repair, euthanasia may become your only option.

      Trauma is incorrect. Trauma is a body wound or shock produced by sudden physical injury, as from violence or accident.

      Ostracize is incorrect. To ostracize means to exclude from a society or group.

      Evisceration is incorrect. Evisceration is the process of removing one or all of the organs from the inside of a body.

    12. Question

    1. What is the meaning of amenable?

      Correct

      Answer: Willing to accept, or be influenced by a suggestion

      Amenable refers to someone who is willing to accept, or be influenced by a suggestion.

      Your wife might be more amenable to your suggestion if you detailed how much money it would save.

      Mysterious and impossible to understand completely is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word enigmatic. 

      Being in the process of passing out of use or usefulness is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word obsolescent. 

      Very kind and generous towards an enemy or someone you have defeated is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word magnanimous.

    13. Question

    1. What word meaning “reduce pain” best fits in the sentence?

      The ________ treatment focused on providing comfort and pain relief to improve the quality of life for the patient with a terminal illness.

      Correct

      Answer: Palliative

      Palliative refers to something that reduces pain without curing the cause of the pain. 

      Facing a terminal illness, my grandfather chose palliative care only.

      Geriatric is incorrect. Geriatric is defined as relating to the elderly, especially with regard to their healthcare.

      Novice is incorrect. Novice means a person new to a particular occupation, activity, etc.; apprentice; beginner.

      Hematology is incorrect. Hematology is a medical science that deals with the blood and blood-forming organs.

    14. Question

    1. What is the meaning of burgeoning?

      Correct

      Answer: Growing or developing quickly

      Burgeoning refers to something that is growing or developing quickly.

      The burgeoning tourist industry will help the island country’s economy recover, but an excess of visitors could negatively affect the ecosystem.

      Happening in a very quick and sudden way, without any thought or planning is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word precipitous. 

      A very large amount of something is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word plethora. 

      Someone or something that is unclear or not easily describable is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word ambiguous.

    15. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

      One of the parameters of the Nurse Practice Act is that nurses are accountable for patient safety.

      Correct

      Answer: Subject to the obligation to report, explain, or justify something

      Accountable means subject to the obligation to report, explain, or justify something.

      He was held accountable for his actions at work.

      Having a negative or harmful effect on something is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word adverse.

      Easy to teach or manage or handle is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word docile.

      Occurring or likely to occur soon is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word impending.

    16. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

      Exposure to people with contagious infections can lead to illness.

      Correct

      Answer: The act of exposing, laying open, or uncovering

      Exposure means the act of exposing, laying open, or uncovering.

      Some of the students have parents or siblings with health issues who can’t risk exposure to the virus.

      Pertaining to or marked by fever is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word febrile.

      The physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word milieu. 

      To examine by auscultation is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word auscultate.

    17. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

      The laceration wasn′t severe and the nurse cleaned and stitched it within minutes.

      Incorrect

      Answer: A torn and ragged wound

      Laceration means a torn and ragged wound. 

      Large cuts may require sutures and should be done by a maxillofacial surgeon when the laceration is on the edge of the lip line.

      A body wound or shock produced by sudden physical injury, as from violence or accident, is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word trauma. 

      New tissue that forms over a wound and later contracts into a scar is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word cicatrix.

      A hollowed-out space is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word cavity.

    18. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to “to plead with, especially in order to persuade”?

      Incorrect

      Answer: Entreat

      Entreat means to plead with especially in order to persuade.

      She began her letter by entreating me to forgive the lateness of her reply.

      Implied is incorrect. To imply means to indicate the truth or existence of something by suggestion.

      Assured is incorrect. Assured means guaranteed.

      Ruminate is incorrect. To ruminate is to think carefully and for a long period about something. 

    19. Question

    1. What word has a similar meaning to “think about something seriously”?

      Correct

      Answer: Ruminate

      To ruminate is to think carefully and for a long period about something.

      For months, Grace ruminated about whether to confess or not.

      Replicate is incorrect. To replicate is to make or do something again in exactly the same way.

      Indifference is incorrect. Indifference is the lack of interest in someone or something.

      Obstruct is incorrect. Obstruct means block (an opening, path, road, etc.); be or get in the way of.

    20. Question

    1. What is the meaning of apathetic?

      Incorrect

      Answer: Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern

      Apathetic refers to someone who shows or feels no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

      To the salsa band’s dismay, the apathetic audience refused to leave their seats during the whole concert.

      Knowing or seeing everything is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word omniscient. 

      Being, living, occurring, or administered under the skin is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word subcutaneous. 

      Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word ambivalent.

    21. Question

    1. What is the meaning of boisterous?

      Correct

      Answer: Rough and noisy

      Boisterous means rough and noisy.

      The boisterous student disrupted his class every day.

      The condition of being open or unobstructed is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word patency. 

      An act of agreeing to something especially after thoughtful consideration is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word assent. 

      Wide open; extremely wide is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word gaping.

    22. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence? 

      A hematologic disorder was responsible for the man’s fatigue.

      Correct

      Answer: The study of the nature, function, and diseases of the blood and of blood-forming organs

      Hematologic means the study of the nature, function, and diseases of the blood and of blood-forming organs.

      My specialty  is hematology, and we operate a major blood bank.

      The study of the essential nature of diseases and especially of the structural and functional changes produced by them is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word pathology. 

      Someone or something that changes suddenly and often is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word mercurial.

      The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word euphemism.

    23. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the word lateral?

      Correct

      Answer: Of or relating to the side; situated at, proceeding from, or directed to a side

      Lateral means of or relating to the side; situated at, proceeding from, or directed to a side.

      The arms are lateral to the chest.

      Something that is positioned at or towards the front is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word anterior. 

      Something that is positioned at or towards the back is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word posterior. 

      Something occurring or situated nearer to the end of something than to its beginning is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word latter.

    24. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to “something that forms the base”?

      Correct

      Answer: Fundamental

      Fundamental refers to someone or something that forms the base, from which everything else develops.

      My family and I decided to make fundamental changes to our consumption patterns, starting by ditching single-use plastics.

      Pensive is incorrect. Pensive refers to someone engaged in, or reflecting deep or serious thought.

      Contemplate is incorrect. To contemplate is to spend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way.

      Perpetual is incorrect. Perpetual refers to someone or something that lasts forever or is never-ending.

    25. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to “unable to read and write”?

      Correct

      Answer: Illiterate

      Illiterate refers to someone who is unable to read and write.

      Despite the opening of schools all over the country, an astonishing percentage of the population is illiterate.

      Notorious is incorrect. Notorious has a similar meaning to “infamous”. Notorious refers to something or somebody who is famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed.

      Indifference is incorrect. Indifference means the lack of interest in someone or something.

      Obscure is incorrect. Obscure means not known to many people.

    26. Question

    1. What is the meaning of parasite?

      Correct

      Answer: An animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it 

      A parasite is an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it.

      Parasites that can cause disease in humans are divided into three main classes: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.

      Any of the various infectious agents, usually ultramicroscopic, that consist of nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, within a case of protein is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word virus. 

      The state produced by the establishment of one or more pathogenic agents (such as a bacteria, protozoans, or viruses) in or on the body of a suitable host is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word infection. 

      Subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word symptom.

    27. Question

    1. What is the meaning of cicatrix?

      Correct

      Answer: New tissue that forms over a wound and later contracts into a scar

      Cicatrix means new tissue that forms over a wound and later contracts into a scar.

      Habitual spasms of the muscles and a cicatrix from a severe burn have permanently modified the facial bones.

      Concerning, involving, or made up of both the muscles and the bones is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word musculoskeletal. 

      A torn and ragged wound is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word laceration. 

      Someone who shows or feels no interest, enthusiasm, or concern is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word apathetic.

    28. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

       She was diligent in her studies, dedicating countless hours to achieve academic excellence.

      Incorrect

      Answer: Someone who is careful and using a lot of effort

      Diligent refers to someone who is careful and using a lot of effort. 

      The diligent student was rewarded with a full scholarship.

      Sharpness or severity of sudden onset is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word acute. 

      Expressing or covering much in few words is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word concise. 

      To become enlarged or widened is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word dilate.

    29. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the word distal?

      Incorrect

      Answer: Situated away from the point of origin or attachment, as of a limb or bone

      Distal means situated away from the point of origin or attachment, as of a limb or bone. 

      Bleeding from a vein is of a darker color; the flow is steady, and the bleeding is from the distal end of the vessel.

      To divide or fork into two branches is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word bifurcate. 

      Happening or produced by chance is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word fortuitous. 

      Something that is positioned at or toward the front is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word anterior.

    30. Question

    1. What is the meaning of pensive?

      Incorrect

      Answer: Someone engaged or reflecting in deep or serious thought

      Pensive refers to someone engaged or reflecting in deep or serious thought.

      Shirley was pensive, fiddling with a pen and thinking of possible outcomes.

      Someone or something based on clear thought and reason is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word rational. 

      A person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word virtuoso. 

      Stringent in requirement or control is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word strict.

    31. Question

    1. What is the meaning of metabolism?

      Correct

      Answer: The chemical and physical processes continuously going on in living organisms and cells, consisting of anabolism and catabolism

      Metabolism means the chemical and physical processes continuously going on in living organisms and cells, consisting of anabolism and catabolism.

      Eating breakfast gets your metabolism going for the whole day.

      Any constant, with variable values, used as a referent for determining other variables is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word parameter. 

      Calling forth respect through age, character, and attainments is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word venerable. 

      The action of giving someone a weak form of disease as a protection against it is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word inoculation.

    32. Question

    1. What word meaning “of or relating to the nervous system” fits best in the sentence?

      It was clear to the nurse that the patient, whose cognitive abilities had drastically diminished, had developed a _________ disorder from the accident.

      Correct

      Answer: Neurovascular

      Neurovascular means relating to, or involving both nerves and blood vessels. 

      To test the predictions of the vascular depression hypothesis in a group at highest risk for neurovascular injury, we limited the sample to those with clinically significant vascular disease.

      Renal is incorrect. Renal means relating to the kidneys or the surrounding regions.

      Therapeutic is incorrect. Therapeutic means relating to the treating or curing of disease.

      Otic is incorrect. Otic means relating to the ear.

    33. Question

    1. What is the meaning of rigidity?

      Correct

      Answer: Stiff or unyielding

      Rigidity means stiff or unyielding. 

      At times, even much of the faculty deemed the headmaster’s discipline excessive in its rigidity.

      Inadequacy or insufficiency is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word deficit. 

      Easy to teach or manage or handle is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word docile.  

      Confined; limited is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word restricted.

    34. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence? 

      A deficit of nurses and the proliferation of opiate addiction has led to some hospitals being inadequately staffed.

      Incorrect

      Answer: To grow by rapid production 

      Proliferation means to grow by rapid production . 

      It may also take place where rapid proliferation of the cell is going on, as in the budding of the Yeast plant.

      The condition of being open or unobstructed is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word patency. 

      A descendant or offspring, as a child, plant, or animal is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word progeny. 

      Difficult or irritating to deal with is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word cantankerous.

    35. Question

    1. What is the meaning of euphemism?

      Correct

      Answer: The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant

      Euphemism means the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.

      Invigorating is the euphemism we use most often to describe the chilly waters off the coast.

      A difficult factor or issue often appearing unexpectedly and changing existing plans, methods, or attitudes is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word complication. 

      Not performing normally, as an organ or structure of the body; malfunctioning is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word dysfunctional. 

      Something added to complete a thing, supply a deficiency, or reinforce or extend a whole is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word supplements.

    36. Question

    1. What is the meaning of adulation?

      Correct

      Answer: Excessive admiration or praise

      Adulation is excessive admiration or praise.

      After a while, it becomes hard to cope with the adulation of the fans: you can’t even go grocery shopping without somebody stopping you to praise your work.

      An official rule or the act of controlling something is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word regulation. 

      Someone or something that is carrying or holding a lot of something is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word laden.

      The condition of being alone, especially when this makes you feel unhappy is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word isolation.

    37. Question

    1. What is the meaning of palatable?

      Correct

      Answer: something that is satisfactory or acceptable; pleasant to taste. 

      Palatable refers to something that is satisfactory or acceptable; pleasant to taste. 

      He didn’t find the hard liquor to be palatable at all: it burned down his throat and had a strong alcoholic taste.

      Easily dealt with, controlled, or persuaded is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word tractable. 

      Something that reduces pain without curing the cause of the pain is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word palliative. 

      Rude and not considering other people’s feelings is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word boorish.

    38. Question

    1. What word meaning “to stick” best fits in the sentence? 

      It’s important to ______ to the guidelines and follow the recommended steps for the experiment to ensure accurate results.

      Correct

      Answer: Adhere

      To adhere means to stick or be attached firmly to a surface. 

      More people started adhering to our association after we appeared on that fantastic show on Channel 6.

      Infer is incorrect. To infer means to deduce or conclude something from evidence and reasoning.

      Pathogenic is incorrect. Pathogenic means causing or capable of causing disease.

      Volume is incorrect. Volume means the amount of space, measured in cubic units, that an object or substance occupies or the degree of loudness or the intensity of a sound.

    39. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to the word increase?

      Correct

      Answer: Expanding

      Expanding means to increase in extent, number, volume, or scope.

      She ran a hand across her expanding stomach.

      Antithesis is incorrect. Antithesis is a contrary or opposite opinion, concept, or characteristic.

      Gradual is incorrect. Gradual means in a gradual way; slowly; by degrees.

      Ostracize is incorrect. To ostracize means to exclude from a society or group.

    40. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to the word harmful?

      Incorrect

      Answer: Adverse

      Adverse means having a negative or harmful effect on something.

      The adverse weather conditions forced us to cancel our sailing trip.

      Flushed is incorrect. Flushed means having rosy or reddish skin as a result of exertion, cold, embarrassment, or fever.. 

      Diagnosis is incorrect. Diagnosis means the act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms.

      Laceration is incorrect. Laceration means a torn and ragged wound.

    41. Question

    1. What word meaning “medicine concerned with the nervous system” best fits in the sentence?

      He underwent a series of _________ tests to assess his brain function and nerve responses.

      Correct

      Answer: Neurological

      Neurological means a branch of medicine concerned especially with the structure, function, and diseases of the nervous system.

      Sometimes you might withdraw a ventilator in cases of very severe and permanent neurological damage.

      Disregard is incorrect. Disregard means the fact of showing no care or respect for something.

      Veracity is incorrect. Veracity means conformity to facts; accuracy.

      Mercurial is incorrect. Mercurial refers to someone or something that changes suddenly and often.

    42. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

      His conduct throughout the project was irreproachable, displaying integrity and professionalism at all times.

      Correct

      Answer: Without fault and therefore impossible to criticize

      Irreproachable means without fault and therefore impossible to criticize.

      This candidate’s irreproachable behavior contrasts with that of his opponent, who is rude and aggressive.

      To increase in extent, number, volume, or scope is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word expanding. 

      Situated away from the point of origin or attachment, such as  a limb or bone is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word distal. 

      Wide open; extremely wide is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word gaping.

    43. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to the word bending?

      Correct

      Answer: Flexion

      Flexion means the act of flexing or bending.

      This exercise involves the flexion and extension of the lower back.

      Verbal is incorrect. Verbal/Oral means uttered by the mouth; spoken and consisting of words.

      Assiduous is incorrect. Assiduous refers to someone who shows hard work, care, and attention to detail.

      Hypothetical is incorrect. Hypothetical means imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true.

    44. Question

    1. What is the meaning of referral?

      Correct

      Answer: An act of sending someone or something to a person or place where what is wanted or needed can be obtained

      Referral refers to an act of sending someone or something to a person or place where what is wanted or needed can be obtained.

      After hearing about the patient’s symptoms, the doctor didn’t hesitate to give him a referral to a specialist.

      Pieces of paper containing official information is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word documentation. 

      The act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word assessment. 

      A contrary or opposite opinion, concept, or characteristic is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word antithesis.

    45. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the word barren?

      Correct

      Answer:  Land that is too poor to produce much or any vegetation

      Barren refers to land that is too poor to produce much or any vegetation.

      The barren and rocky landscape reminded Rochelle of her trip through the Gobi desert.

      Having a gradual and cumulative effect is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word insidious.  

      The physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word milieu. 

      Relating to the treating or curing of disease is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word therapeutic.

    46. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to the word poisonous?

      Correct

      Answer: Toxic

      Toxic means containing or being poisonous material especially when capable of causing death or serious debilitation.

      Many chemicals used in fuels and industrial processes are toxic to animals and plants.

      Flaccid is incorrect. Flaccid means soft or weak rather than firm.

      Laceration is incorrect. Laceration means a torn and ragged wound.

      Dysfunctional is incorrect. Dysfunctional means not performing normally, as an organ or structure of the body; malfunctioning.

    47. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

      The endogenous production of hormones within the body is crucial for maintaining various physiological processes and overall health.

      Correct

      Answer: Found or coming from within something, such as  a system or a person’s body or mind

      Endogenous means found or coming from within something, such as a system or a person’s body or mind.

      People with type 2 diabetes eventually suffer a decrease in endogenous insulin levels.

      A drug that contains opium, especially one that causes sleep is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word opiate. 

      Performed, exercised, received, or suffered in place of another is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word vicarious. 

      Having, involving, or exhibiting symmetry is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word symmetrical.

    48. Question

    1. What is the meaning of vertigo?

      Correct

      Answer: A sensation of whirling and loss of balance

      Vertigo is a sensation of whirling and loss of balance.

      My mother, who suffers from vertigo, sometimes has to spend the day lying on her bed to reduce the spinning feeling.

      A drug that contains opium, especially one that causes sleep is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word opiate. 

      To change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word fluctuate. 

      Pieces of paper containing official information is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word documentation.

    49. Question

    1. Which word has a similar meaning to “to stop liquid, especially blood, from flowing out”?

      Correct

      Answer: Staunch

      To staunch means to stop something happening, or to stop liquid, especially blood, from flowing out.

      Not being able to find anything better, Teodora handed him a diaper to press on the wound and staunch the flow of blood.

      Fluctuate is incorrect. Fluctuate means to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another.

      Adhere is incorrect. To adhere means to stick or be attached firmly to a surface.

      Labile is incorrect. Labile means readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change or breakdown.

    50. Question

    1. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

      The patient’s circulation to her left arm was occluded, leading to numbness and skin that was blue in color.

      Correct

      Answer: To close, shut, or stop up

      Occluded means to close, shut, or stop up.

      A blood clot had occluded a major artery in his body.

      To indicate the truth or existence of something by suggestion is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word imply. 

      Holding together; firm; solid is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word consistent. 

      The entire range or

    20    . Question

    What is the meaning of apathetic?

    Incorrect

    Answer: Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern

    Apathetic refers to someone who shows or feels no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

    To the salsa band’s dismay, the apathetic audience refused to leave their seats during the whole concert.

    Knowing or seeing everything is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word omniscient. 

    Being, living, occurring, or administered under the skin is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word subcutaneous. 

    Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word ambivalent.18    . Question

    Which word has a similar meaning to “to plead with, especially in order to persuade”?

    Incorrect

    Answer: Entreat

    Entreat means to plead with especially in order to persuade.

    She began her letter by entreating me to forgive the lateness of her reply.

    Implied is incorrect. To imply means to indicate the truth or existence of something by suggestion.

    Assured is incorrect. Assured means guaranteed.

    Ruminate is incorrect. To ruminate is to think carefully and for a long period about somet 

    What is the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence?

    The laceration wasn′t severe and the nurse cleaned and stitched it within minutes.

    Incorrect

    Answer: A torn and ragged wound

    Laceration means a torn and ragged wound. 

    Large cuts may require sutures and should be done by a maxillofacial surgeon when the laceration is on the edge of the lip line.

    A body wound or shock produced by sudden physical injury, as from violence or accident, is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word trauma. 

    New tissue that forms over a wound and later contracts into a scar is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word cicatrix.

    A hollowed-out space is incorrect. This is the meaning of the word cavity.

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